US & latin america | US - latin american relations pre 1914 | intervention & investment, 1880s-1945 | panama canal | venezuela | spanish american war | cuba: US protectorate | latin american campaigns, 1906-33| USA & the military regimes after 1945

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Browse down the page or just click one of these sections....

1. US - Latin American Relations
Diplomacy pre 1914 | Intervention & Investment, 1880s-1945

2. Panama Canal
3. Venezuela
4. Cuba: Spanish American War
      Cuba: The US Protectorate
      Cuba & the US 1902-59 (sep. page)

      US & Castro's Cuba (sep. page)
5. Mexico:
      19th c. US-Mexican wars (sep. page)
      US Mexican post 1900 relations (sep. page)
6. Latin American Campaigns, 1906-33
7. USA & the Military Regimes after 1945



Other core casahistoria Latin America pages:

      20th century Latin America

      20th century Military Regimes

      19th century Latin America

      Catholic Mission & Settlement



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1. US - Latin American Relations



History of U.S. Interventions in Latin America a listing of the key interventions. Kept up to date

U.S. Intervention in Latin America Another listing, not so comprehensive, but more subjective, from the Latin America Solidarity Homepage, this is a (not impartial) timeline of U.S. imperialism towards Latin American countries from the Monroe Doctrine (1823) §

US-Latin American Relations This is a very comprehensive site created and maintained by Richard W. Slatta Professor of History, NY State.

The Second Century: U.S.-Latin American Relations Since 1889 By Mark T. Gilderhus. A Google Book extract. Focuses on U.S. relations with Latin America during the second century, a period bounded by the advent of the New Diplomacy late in the nineteenth century and the end of the Cold War.

Diplomacy Pre 1914:

Monroe Doctrine, Dec. 1823. The document.

Manifest Destiny Excellent essays and documents. Very clearly set out.

The Great White Fleet A well presented site giving an account of the 1908 cruise around the world completed by the US Great White Fleet, changing the way other nations viewed the United States. The account is very well supported by a collection of postcards, photographs, and memorabilia of William Stewart.

Battle Streamer: Mexican War 1846-1848 from Wars and Conflicts of the U.S. Navy Very thorough site with useful, detailed links on the US navy activity. The Battle Streamers contain a brief history of the Navy's role in the war, conflict or operation. Very good linking to relevant documents.

Documents Relating to US - Latin American Relations 1898-1914. Cornucopia (!) of documents and articles about US Foreign Policy (towards Latin America especially) in this period through 1990.

Platt Amendment Useful article from The Historical Text Archive

The Platt amendment…. the actual document

"Imperialism of Decadence" A 1913 speech from Francisco Garcia Calderón, a Peruvian diplomat and writer, criticizing U.S. imperialist policy, exploiting Latin Americans. From the Internet Modern Library.

Intervention pre 1880:

Mexican Wars: Go to casahistoria page

Perry & Japan: Go the casahistoria US & Japan imperialism page

Intervention and Investment, 1880s-1945

The Age of Imperialism: home page to many issues of IB level on US Imperialism in the Americas. Good articles.

US Intervention in Latin America As above.

History of the United States Navy by Michael A. Palmer. Used by permission of Charles Scribner's Sons, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Macmillan from Encyclopedia of the American Military, John E. Jessup, Editor in Chief. Vol. I, pp. 365-380. Copyright c 1994

Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798 - 1993 This Library of Congress report lists 234 instances in which the United States has used its armed forces abroad in situations of conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. It brings up to date a 1989 list that was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough sketch survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad.

The Continental Period, 1775-1890

The Oceanic Period, 1890-1945

The Transoceanic Period, 1945-1992

United States Navy Personnel Strength, 1794-1990

Bibliography

Teddy Roosevelt biography from Time Magazine 100 series. By Edmund Morris

The Making of America — Theodore Roosevelt By Richard Lacayo Good article from Time magazine

FDR: The Good Neighbor Roosevelt from the Time 100 series. By Arthur Schlesinger Jr

Banana Republic: The United Fruit Company a brief but intriguing outline of the key company in US involvement in latin America. Highlights the impact of political and economic imperialism, indirect as well as direct.

US policy towards the Caribbean: 1898-1958. A casahistoria netguide in lecture note format. PDF file and requires adobe reader. For more casahistoria netguide revision go to IB/Alevel/K12 revision in the young casahistoria section

Guatemala and the CIA Looks at the role of the CIA and the ties with the United Fruit Company

2. Panama Canal

Gunboat diplomacy: the confrontation over pre-Canal Panama between Colombia and the USA 1903 Includes outline of battle, maps and ship silhouettes. From ironcladpirate site.

Defense of The Panama Canal (powerpoint) Produced for the Military Geology courses of the University of Missouri-Rolla

TR's Legacy: The Panama Canal Check out page on the Panama Canal, part of a fun site on President Theodore Roosevelt from PBS' The American Experience. You can see a video and animations of Panama's locks in action and learn about Roosevelt's exciting life through photographs and descriptions.

Panama Canal From Small Planet. Also includes:

a movie of President McKinley;

Teddy Roosevelt's Inaugural Address

Maps of Panama (Index to several Panama maps & Large relief map §)

Panama Canal Panama Canal History Museum - Photos, Documents, Books and Stories from the Panama Canal Construction

Panama Canal Landslides Produced for the Military Geology courses of the University of Missouri-Rolla

Panama Canal: Problems with the Gaillard Cut Produced for the Military Geology courses of the University of Missouri-Rolla

Animation showing passage of a ship through the Panama Canal

The Panama Canal Authority This is the web site of the Canal Authority. A whizzy, multimedia site, but the history section has a full account of the canal construction period. The photo gallery is excellent for historical images.



3. US & Venezuela

“A Matter of Extreme Urgency" Theodore Roosevelt, Wilhelm II, and the Venezuela Crisis of 1902. article outlining the crisis by Edmund Morris. 2002

Gunboat diplomacy: the confrontation involving Venezuela vs. the Germans and British 1902 Includes outline of battle, maps and ship silhouettes. From ironcladpirate site.

The Second Century: U.S.-Latin American Relations Since 1889 This is the Venezuela 1902 crisis section from the book by Mark T. Gilderhus. A Google Book extract.

The Cambridge History of Latin America Google Book extract for the 1902 crisis. By Leslie Bethell - 1995

Enforcement by Gunboats Detailed chapter from Sovereign Debt and International Cooperation, Draft of a book by Michael Tomz, Stanford University, 2006



4. Cuba: Spanish American War

Background

American Interests in the Cuban Revolution This is a speech from President Cleveland in 1896, two years before the Spanish-American War, on the American interests in Cuba, and the goings on there at the time, supporting the insurrection of the Cubans against Spain.

Reasons for US involvement from the The Second War for Cuban Independence by Jerry A. Sierra, Straightforward with links to other aspects of the war §

Spanish - American War: causes, events, results. A casahistoria netguide in lecture note format. PDF file and requires adobe reader. For more casahistoria netguide revision go to IB/Alevel/K12 revision in the young casahistoria section.

Events

Crucible of Empire - Spanish American War - PBS site to go with series on the war. Sections on

Timeline

Yellow Journalism

1890s Music

Resources

The Spanish-Cuban-American War Part of the Ultimate Cuba site. Good mix of description and relevant documents. §

Illustrated article by David Trask. Good research links to the main individuals and events involved.

Spanish US war seen by the Museum of Miami. Good on the sinking of the Maine §

Spanish American War from the small planet site on US in the Americas. Three good pages on the war and its aftermath for the US in the context of US expansionism.

The World of 1898-the Spanish /American War. The site gives an essay overview of the war, a chronology of events, an index of people - with links to biographical information, places and events. From the US Library of Congress site.

Battle Streamer: Spanish-American War 1898 Very thorough site with useful, detailed links on the US navy activity. The Battle Streamers contain a brief history of the Navy's role in the war, conflict or operation. Very good linking to relevant documents. From Wars and Conflicts of the U.S. Navy. See also below:

Spanish-American War; Historical Overview and Select Bibliography Excellent detailed Historical Overview

The Spanish American War An excellent site with lots of photos and information on the two fleets. Links to descriptions of the other theatres of war other than Cuba. From the Spanish American War Centennial Website.

From ironcladpirate site. Both includes outline of battle, maps and ship silhouettes.

Battle of Santiago, 1898

Battle of Manila Bay, 1898

Aspects of the war

   Military

USS Maine Read the about the battleship that became causus bellum of the Spanish-American War. This site provided by the US Navy gives great detail about this great ship of history and explains that belief that accidental explosion was the most likely cause of the sinking

USS Maine, destruction of Clear description. well linked to documents and images. From Wars and Conflicts of the U.S. Navy. From the same site, see also:

Battle of Manila Bay

Spanish Ships in the Spanish-American War This is for the train spotters and anoraks....

The Infanta Maria Teresa details and history of a submerged Spanish wreck off Cuba. The Spanish cruiser Infanta Maria Teresa was Admiral Cervera's flagship at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba on July 3, 1898. Illustrated article with links to the war. From the Pre-Dreadnought Preservation site

Rough Riders another page from the small planet site on US in the Americas. The page after this takes the war to an end.

Buffalo Soldiers and Black & and Buffalo troops. Interesting articles on the involvement of Black troops in the US army in Cuban war. US National Park Service article.

Medal histories: Intriguing, from US Naval Historical Center

Battle of Manila Bay (Dewey Medal)

Spanish Campaign

West Indies Naval Campaign (Sampson Medal)

West Indies Campaign

Corps of Engineers Exhumation of the Battleship Maine (1912) Produced for the Military Geology courses of the University of Missouri-Rolla

Geographic Constraints on Amphibious Operation, Drinking Water in the Invasion of Cuba by U.S. Forces (powerpoint) Produced for the Military Geology courses of the University of Missouri-Rolla

Press & Propaganda

Maine and Yellow Press: from the small planet site on US in the Americas. Good articles on this and the war in general.

Yellow Journalism The Spanish-American War is often called the first 'media war'. This is where to find out about the Hearst press and where the term 'Yellow Journalism' originates.

Effects of the Press on Spanish-American Relations in 1898 By John Baker

New York Public Library Online Exhibition of the Spanish American War A War in Perspective, 1898-1998: Public Appeals, Memory, and the Spanish Conflict, an exhibit developed by the New York Public Library. Good on the propaganda aspect

Documents

Spanish-American War in Motion Pictures Presentation of "68 motion pictures produced between 1898 and 1901 of the Spanish-American War and the subsequent Philippine Revolution." Part of American Memory.

Spanish - American War A Florida State Archives Photographic Re-survey Project. Images from the US troops in Florida during the conflict now hosted on flickr....

Images of the Spanish American War. A useful miscellany of images.

Photographs: Spanish American War Good indexing to campaign photos from US Naval Historical Center

Selected Naval Documents of the Spanish American War Very specific. Interesting resources from US Naval Historical Center

"War Plans and Preparation and Their Impact on the U.S. Naval Operation in Spanish American War" interesting paper presented by by Mark L. Hayes, Early History Branch, at Congreso Internacional Ejército y Armada en El 98: Cuba, Puerto Rico y Filipinas, 1998.

The United States and its Territories searchable document archive (Univ of Michigan) comprises the full text of monographs and government documents published in the United States, Spain, and the Philippines between 1870 and 1925. The primary focus of the material is the Spanish-American war and subsequent American governance (approximately 1898-1910).

4. Cuba: The US Protectorate 1898-1902

US Military Dictatorship in Cuba, 1898-1902 Useful article from the The Historical Text Archive

The Platt amendment…. the actual document

Documents for the history of Cuba. A good selection of documents on all aspects of Cuban history and society today

Useful articles from the The Historical Text Archive:

Cuba in the 19th Century

Cuba 1898-1959

US Military Dictatorship in Cuba, 1898-1902

U.S. Occupation of Cuba (1898) Produced for the Military Geology courses of the University of Missouri-Rolla

US in Cuba 1902-1958: notes on each period of direct & indirect US influence on Cuba. A casahistoria netguide in lecture note format. PDF file and requires adobe reader. For more casahistoria netguide revision go to IB/Alevel/K12 revision in the young casahistoria section.

Brief outlines of US President William McKinley and his responses to Cuba from the Discovery Channel: §

For links to later US influence on Cuba go to the casahistoria Cuba & the US 1902-59 and Castro & Cuba sites.

5. US & Mexico

Go to the following casahistoria Mexico pages age for links to US-Mexican relations:

19th century Mexican wars with the USA

Mexico after 1900

6. Latin American Campaigns 1906-1933

Very thorough sites with useful, detailed links on the US navy activity. The Battle Streamers contain a brief history of the Navy's role in the war, conflict or operation. Very good linking to relevant documents. From Wars and Conflicts of the U.S. Navy.

Battle Streamer: Latin American Campaigns 1906-1920

Battle Streamer: Second Nicaraguan Campaign 1926-1933

Medal histories: The number and variety is indicative of the growing US involvement in the area...

Cuban Pacification

Nicaraguan Campaign

Mexican Service

Haitian Campaign (1915)

Haitian Campaign (1919-1920)

Dominican Campaign

Second Nicaraguan Campaign

7.USA & the Military Regimes of Latin America after 1945

Military Regimes: casahistoria site for links to US - latin American military regime relations in the 1970's. Page also has extensive links to the key south American military regimes & their US links of the period.

The sites below offer a general introduction to US involvement during this period.

The Military in Latin America Proceso 684, Editorial, November 1995. Article looks at the linkage between the emergence of militarism in latin America after 1945, US support and its fear of communism in latin America

The Nazi Parallel: The National Security State and the Churches excerpted from the book The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism by Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman published 1979. Draws comparisons with nazi ideologies such as the Volk and national unity and the military regimes of the time.

The Military and the State in Latin America Detailed examination of the relationship - and its connections with the USA. Alain Rouquie, University of California, 1987

School of Assassins looks at Central American generals, but indicates the extent of US involvement in the military regimes....

Operation Condor Go to the casahistoria Military Regimes site for links to the covert US - latin American military regime project in the 1970's.

Allende, Pinochet & the USA go to this casahistoria section from the Allende & Pinochet site

Don’t forget!! See the individual casahistoria sites on the histories of: a href="argentina.htm">Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Cuba · Mexico · Paraguay · Peru · Uruguay · Malvinas/Falklands ·

and these core casahistoria latin American sites:
19th century Latin America
20th century Latin America
20th century Military Regimes
The US & Latin America
Catholic Mission & Settlement

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