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military regimes of south
america
this page has links to the 20th century military regimes of latin america | |
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1. General - The Military in Latin America Proceso 684, Editorial, November 1995. Article looks at the linkage between the emergence of militarism in latin America after 1945, US support and its fear of communism in latin America
- The Nazi Parallel: The National Security State and the Churches excerpted from the book The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism by Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman published 1979. Draws comparisons with nazi ideologies such as the Volk and national unity and the military regimes of the time.
- Women Resist Dictatorship: voices from Latin America Concise review article by of resistance by Silvia Marina Arrom (Jane’s Professor of Latin American Studies in the History Department of Brandeis University) by women in Argentina, Cuba, Chile and Guatamala. Needs Adobe reader.
 The Military and the State in Latin America Detailed examination of the relationship - and its connections with the USA.By Alain Rouquie, University of California, 1987 Civil-Military Relations This pdf sets out structured reading and study outlines for examining the military in Latin America. Worth looking at by students of the period. by Prof. Roger Petersen, MIT- Guardians of the Nation? Economists, Generals, and Economic Reform in Latin America Useful review of the book by F D Nunn. The central question of this book is why military "regimes" adopted the economic policies they did.
- School of Assassins looks at Central American generals, but indicates the extent of US involvement in the military regimes....
- The return of populism. From The Economist, April 2006. Very useful article that examines the rebirth of the populist tradition in Latin America in a historical & global context, explaining the emergence of figures such as Perón and Vargas as well as modern figures such as Chavez. The emphasis is on the historical background placing military aspects in view as a key element.
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|  Operation Condor and Pinochet" Los Angeles Times, Nov 1, 1998. "Operation Condor was a 1970s terrorist conspiracy by six U.S.-supported Latin American governments -- Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay -- to murder their political opponents around the world. Known as Operation Condor, "foreign armies and security services cooperated in dealing with political opponents from one country who crossed into another, and assigned their own men to out-of-country operations to avoid the identification of local agents." Lucy KomisarCIA Knew About Latin Terror Plan In the 1970s, the CIA knew more than it has revealed until now about the secret terrorist network known as Operation Condor. Washington should have publicly warned prospective victims then and should cooperate with courts today, writes Lucy Komisar, who sought the newly declassified information for seven years. 2002 - Operation Condor from Wikipaedia. Good, basic introductory linked outline.
- Operation Condor description, outline of US involvement and links to information made available (by 1999)
Pulling Back the Veil on Condor by John Dinges The Nation magazine, 2000 Operation Condor (Latin America) Outline of excerpted from the book The Real Terror Network by Edward S. Herman, South End Press. looks at impact of murder squads and ambivalent attitude of US.
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| | From Perόn to the Military The Military Junta leaders | | The Church and the Junta- La Argentina Católica y Militar (Click The Catholic Church and the military to read the first part of this long article on Google English) Detailed, article, especially concerning the reaction to international disquiet, drawing attention to the connections between the catholic church and the military by Horacio Verbitsky (in Pagina 12).
Documents reveal nuncio's cautious human rights stance In 1977, Archbishop Pio Laghi, papal nuncio to Argentina, told U.S. government officials, "There was guilt in the leaders of the country; they knew they have committed evil in human rights and do not need to be told of their guilt by visitors." National Catholic Reporter article. - "Role of Vatican in Argentina's Dirty War," Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo demanded that the Italian government prosecute Papal envoy Pio Laghi for his role on the dirty war in Argentina. Here is an article, written by journalist Uki Goni on the matter, in 1995.
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The Church's Role in the
Dictatorship Article on the trial of Christian Von Wernich, priest
accused of helping the military. includes concise account of church
involvement.
The Junta and the 1978 World Cup  The Many Faces of Argentina, 1978 Opinionated but interesting article on the 1978 World Cup & it's impact on the Videla regime: 'As soon as the World Cup ended, Tigre Acosta, a famous torturer of the ESMA, entered a room where his victims were, screaming We won, we won!. He hugged them euphorically. He even took a group of them in a car so they could see with their own eyes that the people did not care about human rights. They just cared about the World Cup.' by Ezequiel Fernández Moores
Futbol y dictadura not the best presented page (it dose say it a still a works in progress...), but a series of items (drawn from several sources including La Nacion) on football and the military regime. For a google translation you will need to take an item at a time. Un repaso que 30 años más tarde todavía deja lugar a la sorpresa (Click And 30 years later it still has the ability to surprise in Google English) Item from Argentina's Pagina 12, drawing some points out of the dictatorship and the 1978 World Cup. Repression, Expression & Depression: Football in Argentina, 1978-2002. From the 1978 World Cup in Argentina, through the “Maradona years” in the 1980s and 1990s, through to the 2002 World Cup in Japan/Korea. It argues the three periods are respectively represented by the words repression, expression and depression. Full final bibliography. (This is a Word doc and will need to be downloaded) All's fair in dirty war game Gary Sutherland article from The Scotsman looks at the role of Videla and the military behind the scenes during the 1978 World Cup in Argentina.
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|  Interesting documents from the US National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 73 - Part II
Edited by Carlos Osorio (Researcher: Kathleen Costar) showing the conflict between Washington and US Embassy in Buenos Aires over signals to the military dictatorship at height of repression in 1976
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| Disappearances: Process Disappearances: Victims The Vanished Gallery A site dedicated and about the disappeared of the military dictatorship, 1976-1983. A very detailed and comprehensive site. Information on Human Rights in Argentina Equipo Nizkor site on the disappeared In English and Spanish. Argentina's missing babies Useful BBC article from 1999 by Oana Lungescu in Argentina. see also the 1998 BBC article The Living Disappeared by Lucy Ash -
Two touching articles from Pagina 12 describing
how the mothers of the Plaza de Mayo have helped fins the identity of
disappeared mothers for their then adopted children:
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Yo creo que quería encontrar la
verdad
(Read
I
believe that I wanted to find the truth
in Google English) Story by
Alejandra Dandan
in Pagina 12 of the son of a couple of “desaparecidos”, who
recovered his identity with the help of the Mothers of the
Plaza de Mayo.
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Rodolfo Walsh
by Federico Hausvirth. Biography of one of the best known left wing militants, who was murdered in 1977 during the dictatorship. Includes his open letter to the military (in which
he wrote about what was happening at the time including the dead bodies found in the River Plate),
which he tried to publish on the first anniversary of the military coup. Newspapers refused to publish it. The next day he was kidnapped and then killed.
§
See also
Walsh Rodolfo from
elhistoriador site
| | Confessions of torturers 'I don't try to justify myself' Adolfo Scilingo, a former Argentinian naval officer who threw 30 prisoners to their deaths from planes was jailed for 640 years in April 2005. Here is his chilling confession. April, 2005 The Guardian Confessions of torturers: Reflections from Argentina Beginning in 1994, Argentine torturers came forward to recount their roles during the infamous Dirty War (1976-83) responsible for the death and disappearance of an estimated 30,000 individuals. All of those who confessed did so voluntarily and under an amnesty provision that prohibited prosecution. A very useful set of confessions - but remember to read the introductory sections placing these in context........
The Generals and today  Malvinas / Falklands conflict
 see the casahistoria Malvinas/Falklands site: separate casahistoria page of extensive links to the war and the history of the south Atlantic claims.
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