casahistoria: Latin America visit the casahistoria general Latin American page for many more background sites.

 

Mexico after 1900 For extensive links to the Mexican revolution and the 20th century

• BBC country profile: Mexico. Good background to Mexico. Includes Timeline: Mexico A chronology of key events
• Mexico - LANIC University of Texas. Compiles links to other general & government sites about Mexico.
• Mexico - Country Study Introductory series of (sometimes very concise) articles, from a wide range of sources. US Library of Congress. Good place to start for an overview in English.
• Mexico from the US History Channel. Brief but has some intersting visuals.
• Historia de México A Mexican educational site. These are the links to history sites for schools & colleges. Good subdivisions to individuals and events less well known outside Mexico. Worthwhile drilling down into the detailed links on the left of the main pages. In Spanish.
• Maps from the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas. Excellent maps:
  • War with Texas (1835-1836)
  • The War of French Intervention 1862-1867
  • The Constitutionalist Revolution
• Mexico Connect: good, comprehensive site to culture in general, history more specifically. Basic introductions, and useful features. Move beyond the general home page to the history resources using these links:
  • Timeline Well annotated and very well linked to other site information. Comprehensive. A good resource to use.
  • Historical Figures

• Early Maps View the following maps: Captain Alonso de Piñeda's map of the Gulf of Mexico (1519); South Texas coast (1766); Nuevo Santander (1792); Indians of Tamaulipas (1943).
• Colony of Nuevo Santander Much of South Texas and parts of northern Mexico comprised the Spanish settlement, Colonia de Nuevo Santander. Corpus Christi resident Edna Brown provided the English translation of the original 18th century census and related documents of José de Escandón's exploration and settlement of this area.
• Historia Del Nuevo Reino De Leon (1577-1723)
Major work on early Northern Mexico history.  English translation by Edna Brown.
• Documents in Mexican American History A thorough list of documents relating to US-Mexiacn relations from colonial times. A Digital History site
• Legislacion Mexicana 1687-1901 Monumental!! First 11 volumes of the printed collection of Mexican legislation. Obviously, in Spanish.

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2. Colonial Period (includes modern day California)

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• Mexico's Drive to Independence A clearly laid out US site  for students and teachers. includes lesson plans.
• Maps from the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas. Excellent information:
  • Mexico at the Time of Conquest, 1519 
  • Principal Territorial Expeditions of the 16th Century
  • The Viceroyalty of New Spain 1786-1821
  • Principal Independence Campaigns 1810-1821
  • Political Divisions of the Mexican Republic Federal Constitution of 1824
• Mexico - Country Study US Library of Congress. Links to key sections:
  • Historical Setting
  • The Spanish Conquest
  • New Spain 
• Web de Anza provides students and scholars with primary source documents and multimedia resources covering Juan Bautista de Anza's two overland expeditions from the Sonoran desert to northern California, leading to the colonization of San Francisco in 1776. Excellent resource by the Center for Advanced Technology in Education, University of Oregon. Contains: original journals from the  Archives in both Spanish and translated into English. The Resources section has maps, illustrations, timelines and overviews. there's also a useful Teachers' Center

• The Settlement of New Spain Mexico Connect pages: Straightforward accounts
• Colonization on the Fringes of Empire: Missions on the North Mexican Frontier and the Rio de la Plata. By RH Jackson  §
• New Spain The Frontiers of Faith Educational essay by Stanley Hordes, looks at Spanish expansion including the role of the church. Focus is on New Spain, but worthwhile for the other Spainish expansion further south from Texas Council for the Humanities Resource Centre.
• Images of the Spanish American World: Colonial Architecture Very large (21,479K) R H Jackson Powerpoint presentation of Spanish colonial remains in North and South America. Gives good visual idea of the spread and breadth of Spanish colonialism. Additional supplements to the main body: Supplement with additional photos Spanish Colonial Architecture Part 3  Powerpoint pdf files, requiring Adobe Reader.
• Spanish Presidios Plans and images from the northern frontier of Mexico where the Spanish established military garrisons called presidios to protect the towns and missions. By R H Jackson. Powerpoint pdf file, requiring Adobe Reader.
• San Diego Mission, 1769-1840 Powerpoint explanation of the "Sacred Expedition" to occupy California and its development
• The Colonization of the Chumash, 1772-1846 Presentation by RH Jackson on the colonisation by Spain of The Chumash lands and coastline. The Chumash occupied a Large Region in Central California on both the Mainland and the Channel Islands off of the Coast.  §
• El real ejercito en California  Book by Carlos López Urrutia. on the Spanish Royal Army in colonial California, appearing in The Historical Text Archive

Society

• Online books:
  • Land and Society in Colonial Mexico: The Great Hacienda by Alvin Eustis, Lesley Byrd Simpson, Francois Chevalier. 338 pgs Published 1952
  • To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: Conflicts over Marriage Choice, 1574-1821 by Patricia Seed. 324 pgs Stanford, CA. Publication Year: 1988.
  • Crime and Punishment in Late Colonial Mexico City, 1692-1810 by Gabriel Haslip-Viera. 198 pgs. University of New Mexico Press.  Publication Year: 1999
  • Colonial Angels: Narratives of Gender and Spirituality in Mexico, 1580-1750 by Elisa Sampson Vera Tudela. 204 pgs University of Texas Press. Publication Year: 2000
  • A Glimpse of Family Life in Colonial Mexico: A Nun's Account, in Latin American Research Review by Kathleen A. Myers. 25 pgs Latin American Research Review 1993
• Creating Racial Identities: The Free-Colored Militia in Colonial Mexico Lengthy article examining the development of a multi racial militia by the Spanish. By Ben Vinson III  Barnard College, Columbia University. Prepared for delivery at the 1998 meeting  the Latin American Studies Association
• The Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz Project Site on the (Black, feminist) poet Nun. see also Rebel nun of the 17th century for further links on this interesting 17th century woman (1648-1695).
• Religion & Society in New Spain Mexico Connect pages: Straightforward accounts
• The Economy of New Spain Mexico Connect pages: Straightforward accounts
• Mestizo Latin America An online exhibition of mestizo Art & artefacts. Worthwhile once you get past the overdone interactive and audio visual appendages of this Flash site.
• Africa in the Americas: Blacks in Mexico  by Patrick J. Carroll
• Mexico in the Context of the Transatlantic Slave Trade Article by Bobbie Vaughn 
• Slavery a la Mexicana Mexico Connect pages: Straightforward accounts

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3. Mission Development  

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Catholic Missions in latin America: extensive links to

General Articles  

• Ethnic Survival and Extinction on the Mission Frontiers of Spanish America: Cases from the Río de la Plata Region, the Chiquitos Region of Bolivia, the Coahuila-Texas Frontier, and California. Lengthy discussion of the different areas (29 sides) by RH Jackson
• New Spain: Frontiers of Faith. Excellent visual site from Texas Council for the Humanities Resource Centre includes the:
• The Trial of Diego Lopez  Introduction and Translation by S. M. Hordes, Ph.D. of the question of the several thousand crypto-Jews, or secret Jews, who emigrated from Spain and Portugal to the Indies.

• An Evangelization Born of Frustration:  Missionaries and Native Peoples in Baja California and Texas by RH Jackson  §
• Jesuit Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert Site on the work of Italian Jesuit missionary named Father Eusebio Francisco Kino  among the Indians on the far northwest frontier of New Spain.
• The Jesuit Father Kino (1644-1711) by Jim Tuck

Impact of Mission Development

• Disease and Death in Early Colonial Mexico: Simulating Amerindian Depopulation by Thomas M. Whitmore
• Indian Demographic Collapse 16th c-1920 By RH Jackson (html but based on powerpoint presentations - click on download source)  § or read the online book version: Indian Population Decline: The Missions of Northwestern New Spain, 1687-1840 by Robert H. Jackson.
• The Guaycuros, Jesuit Missionaries, and Jose de Galvez: The Failure of Spanish Policy in Baja California Between 1697 and 1767/1768, the Jesuits administered missions in the arid Baja California Peninsula. Because of the limited potential for agriculture on the Peninsula, the Jesuits had to import food from neighboring provinces, and allowed a large part of the mission populations to live in settlements separate from the central mission village, and to support themselves by hunting and collecting wild plant foods. Following the Jesuit expulsion Jose de Galvez attempted to reorganize the missions, and shifted indigenous populations to missions with greater agricultural potential. This essay examines the response of the Guaycuros,, one of the indigenous groups in the Peninsula, to Galvez’s policy. By RH Jackson  §

• Indigenous Communities in Northern New Spain: Franciscan Mission La Purisima in California, 1788-1840 detailed case study by RH Jackson of one of the missions established by the Franciscans in California, La Purisima established at a site called Salsacupi in 1788. See also the pdf The First Site of La Purisima Mission: A Photo Essay
• Mission San Carlos Borromeo, second of the 21 California's 21 coastal missions, was founded on June 3, 1770 by Junípero Serra. The original location was at the Royal Presidio of Monterey, located "two gunshots from the beach" and adjacent to Lake El Estero in Monterey. By Gary S. Breschini, Ph.D. See also:
• San Carlos Mission, 1770-1840 By RH Jackson powerpoint presentations
• San Fernando Franciscan Mission, 1769-1834 : the  Franciscan established San Fernando Mission. Essay by RH Jackson
San Jose de Comondu Jesuit mission , 1708-1827    §
• Santa Gertrudis Jesuit Mission RH Jackson essay, thorough and well documented on the Jesuit mission in Baja California.
  §
• Santo Tomas de Aquino RH Jackson essay on the Dominican mission founded 1791 in the San Rafael Valley and Ensenada Plain.
• Agriculture, Drought, and Chumash Congregation in the California Missions (1782-1834) Detailed, well annotated essay by RH Jackson & A Gardzina
• Demographic Patterns at Santa Clara Mission, 1777-1840 By RH Jackson powerpoint presentation

Present day Mexico:

• Mission Churches in Northern Mexico and Paraguay R H Jackson introduces this powerpoint with: "The missions, also known as doctrinas or reducciones, were to become politically autonomous indigenous communities, organized as Christian utopias. The new towns were to be built on a grid plan with a central plaza in the center of the town. The church was to be the dominant structure in the towns. Although there were differences in the mission programs in the various fringe regions of Spanish America, there were also many similarities, and the mission program followed a basic blueprint."  By R H Jackson. Powerpoint pdf file.
• Mission Ranchos By RH Jackson Based on powerpoint presentations.

Present day New Mexico:

• Missions of New Mexico  Well illustrated and supported presentation of development in the colonial period. By RH Jackson

• California Missions A useful site which features historic photographs of all 21 California Missions, from as early as 1895. Simply select a mission from the pop-up menu above and click on "Go there" or you can select one from the Thumbnails page. These photographs were made by the Keystone-Mast Company, Harry Pidgeon, William Amos Haines, Will Connell and others. This site also includes an essay on the history of the missions by UCR/California Museum of Photography Senior Preparator Stephen Clugston.
• Population of the Baja California and California Missions Very detailed statistical presentation of population data during 18th and early 19th century. RH Jackson
• The Missions of Baja California, 1697-1849 119 slideshow presentation
• California Missions, 1769-1840  104 page slide show of the signs of settlement by RH Jackson
• Demographic Patterns at Santa Clara Mission, 1777-1840 RH Jackson powerpoint essay on the Francsicans who setlled in the San Francisco bay area.
• Historical Demography of San Carlos Mission, 1770-1840 RH Jackson powerpoint essay
• The Building of the California and Paraguay Missions: Town Development on the Fringes of Empire R H Jackson Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries attempted to create primitive utopian Christian communities in California and Paraguay, and the building complexes of the missions provided the template for the new ordered societies the missionaries attempted to create. this article examines their development.

For this section casahistoria is based predominantly on the presentations and articles of Robert H Jackson. They give a unique and vivid picture of Spanish  settlements and missions across the Americas. This extensive library can be found collectively on this page as well as in the relevant individual casahistoria country pages.

A full updated  list of R H Jacksons work can be found at: H-Net Presentations

casahistoria home                              visit caféhistoria for updates and current topic news

 

 

4. Wars of Independence  

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General

• Mexico - Country Study US Library of Congress. Links to key sections:
  • The Road to Independence
  • Wars of Independence, 1810-21
  • Empire and Early Republic, 1821-55
  • Reform and French Intervention, 1855-67
  • The Restoration, 1867-76
  • The Porfiriato, 1876-1910
  • Economy: Early Years
  • Nineteenth-Century Constitutions 
• Mexico: From Empire to Revolution This photographic archive, based on an exhibition and the Getty Institute’s collections, presents the work of some 30 photographers, both Mexican and foreign, produced between 1857 and 1923. By making hundreds of photographs available and placing them in a clear, historical context, the website provides students with a fascinating perspective on several crucial decades in Mexican history. Lush Flash site. For simpler html click here.
• New Spain-Index, Presidents of Mexico-Table and Key figures of Mexican Independence A useful set of pages in English and Spanish from Sons of Dewitt Colony Texas
• National Popular Politics in Early Independent Mexico, 1820-1847. Torcuato S. Di Tella, 1996 - 390 pages

• Sentimientos de la Nación Independence leader—and revolutionary Catholic priest—José María Morelos’ 23 points for a Mexican constitution, including the abolition of slavery, racism, and torture (1813)
• Decreto contra la esclavitud, las gabelas y el papel sellado Independence leader—and revolutionary Catholic priest—Miguel Hidalgo’s decree abolishing slavery (1810)
• Breve Historia de la Independencia en Veracruz Detailed  subsections from Ediciones Culturales Veracruzanas. In Spanish.
• "The Legacy of President Vincente Guerrero" Essay by William Katz of the black Mexican revolutionary. (Access it from this page)  §
• Imperial Royal Family/La Casa Imperial de México lush site in English & Spanish devoted to the 19th century Imperial periods
• From Armed Conflict Events Data site:
  • Mexican War of Independence 1810-23
  • Yaqui Uprising: Mexico 1825-27
  • Fredonian Rebellion 1826-7
  • UPCA Civil War 1826-29
  • Mexican Conservative Revolt 1827
  • Mexican-Spanish War 1829
  • Pastry War 1838
  • Mexican Reformation War 1858-61
  • Yaqui & Mayan Uprising in Mexico 1875-98
  • Mexican Coup 1876
  • Victorio's Apache Raiding 1879

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5. Mexican Wars with the USA   

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• War with the United States, 1846 From US Library of Congress
• U.S.-Mexican War, 1846-48 In connection with PBS series. Visually well produced. Also in Spanish
• US-Mexican War Timeline Lush production from above PBS site
• The US-Mexican War Produced by descendants of (US) Mexican war veterans for K-12 usage. Unfortunate Flash start takes ages...
• The Mexican-American War, 1846-1848  By R H Jackson. Basic outline, but good visual presentation. Contemporary maps, battle plans set out by campaign. A large Powerpoint pdf download, requiring Adobe Reader. 
• The Spanish Borderlands in Maps By R H Jackson. Contemporary maps of the US - Spanish America borderlands. Powerpoint pdf download, requiring Adobe Reader.
• From Armed Conflict Events Data site:
  • Texan Independence War 1835-36
  • Mexican-American War 1846-48
  • Bear Flag Revolt in California
  • 1846 Yucatan Caste War 1847-55
  • Walker's Invasion: Mexico 1853-54
• The Mexican War by David Saville Muzzey  This popular 1911 text "American History" explained the Mexican War to school children, told why the United States seized California in 1846, and how the U.S. ended the Texas-Mexico border dispute. The text also gave great insight into contemporary American thinking about "Manifest Destiny." This text, and its revised editions, was still in classroom use as late as the 1940's.
• The Mexican-American War and the Media by the Department of History website at Virginia Tech. Looks interesting, but is a "works in progress" at the moment
• War with Texas (1835-1836) Map from the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas.

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, National Archives and Records Administration. Full text, facsimile and background articles on the Treaty with Mexico (February 2, 1848)
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Primary Documents of American History ...
• Mexican-American Diplomacy: 1848-1861, The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Looks at the aftermath of the War
• American Military History: The Mexican War and After, Chapter from "American Military History" by Center of Military History, U.S. Army

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6. The French Intervention 

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• Reform and French Intervention, 1855-67 From US Library of Congress
• Maximilian of Mexico  Regal site, general background only
• Maximilian and Carlota: Archdupe and his tragic lady  Bill Tuck in Mexico Connect article
• Charlotte of the Low Countries bio from Mad Monarchs site....
• Charlotte's Letters and Photographs Letters written by Charlotte of Belgium (1840-1927) and a selection of photographs from one photo album. The Charlotte and Maximilian Collection, Rice University.
•  Maximilian and Charlotte of Mexico by Count Egon Caesar Corti Publication: 1928
• Manifiesto al volver a la Capital de la República Liberal president—and full-blooded Zapotec—Benito Juárez’ speech upon his return to Mexico City following the defeat of Emperor Maximilian (1867)
• Maps from the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas. Excellent maps:
  • The War of French Intervention 1862-1867
  • The Constitutionalist Revolution

Mexico after 1900 For extensive links to the Mexican revolution and the 20th century.

casahistoria home                              visit caféhistoria for updates and current topic news