 For
extensive links to the early history of European imperialism in Latin
America go to the casahistoria
Catholic Missions in Latin America
site.
The 19th Century
theoretical basis
-
John
Hobson on Imperialism, 1902
Here you
can find an excerpt from the writings of John Hobson, a famous British
economist, who argued that low wages for 19th century European workers
guaranteed domestic under consumption of goods and justified imperial
conquest in order to guarantee markets.
-
Theories of Imperialism
Nice
capsule summaries of conservative, liberal, Marxist, and
social-psychological theories of imperialism.
-
The White Man's Burden
by Rudyard Kipling, McClure's Magazine,
Feb. 1899
-
Socialism and Colonial Policy
Critique
of imperialism written 1907 by the Socialist Karl Kautsky. Divided up
into easy to select chapters...
Imperialism Lecture: Overview of what Imperialism is
Anti imperialist article by Michael Parenti
European Imperialism Lecture which gives a
brief, but valuable overview. By Professor Gerhard
Rempel, Western New England College.
The New Imperialism, decolonisation and neo-colonialism:
A casahistoria netguide in lecture note format. PDF file
and requires adobe reader. For more casahistoria netguide revision go
to
IB/Alevel/K12
revision in the young casahistoria section.
Boondocks: Anti-Imperialism pages
(Unfortunately the excellent Boondocks site is currently unavailable for copyright reasons. I have left this, and other Boondocks links for the moment in case they reappear...)
It is always a good
idea to take on competing ideas and theories. The Boondocks site is
about as anti - Empire a site as you can find. The material though is
thoughtful and well presented, but it is concerned almost entirely with
American Imperialism. However, there are some useful pieces on
Rudyard Kipling and his call to Americans to take up the White Man's
Burden.
Documents:
-
 Internet Modern History Sourcebook Resources: Imperialism
Excellent site for documentary evidence on the period.
-
Paper Trails: Cultural Imperialism
from the late 19th Century
as seen through Documents, Literature and Photographs
well supported article demonstrating how, for both the
colonized as well as the colonizer, cultural issues were as significant
as (and often directly related to) economic, political and military
affairs in determining their identities and giving shape to their
societies. Very useful set of links at the end. By Marc Jason Gilbert,
North Georgia College and State University
-
Extent of European Colonialism in
Statistical Terms
-
Sample Treaty An example of the
type of treaty that imperialist agents got local rulers to sign, in this
case agents of the British Royal Niger Company
-
Obees
history page: primary sources in 19th century imperialism for Africa,
China, Japan Produced by and for students of Professor
Joseph V. O'Brien Department of History, John Jay College of Criminal
Justice. A good selection, don't be put off by the lack of reference to
the sources at the top of the page, keep moving down the page.....
-
Missionary Travels
and Researches in South Africa and also
the Popular Account of Dr.
Livingstone's Expedition to the Zambesi and its tributaries, and of the
Discovery of Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa, 1858-1864 From the
Gutenberg project, two volumes that helped pave the way for Stanley and
other Europeans. see also the online book version of Stanley's
voluminous How I Found
Livingstone; travels, adventures, and discoveries in Central Africa.
This may not load first time - should load on the second attempt.
-
Graphic
Design from the 1920s and 1930s in Travel Ephemera by David
Levine.
The
Nautical
and
Airlines
sections in particular give a good idea of the confidence of
imperialism.
 
casahistoria
home
now visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
Go to casahistoria site on
British imperialism
 Click Decolonisation
for casahistoria End of Empire links
Belgium
-
 Leopold
II a brief bio. and
another from
Wikipaedia
§
-
King
Leopold's Ghost A
review of Adam Hochschild's book on the Belgian atrocities in the
Congo. The book is essential reading - a story of greed, terror and
heroism in colonial Africa. Depressingly, the final two chapters make it
clear how the same pattern of exploitation and cruelty was common across
colonial Africa.
-
Adam Hochschild -- King Leopold's Ghost
a review, but contains a good narrative account of
the books main story.
-
Leopold & ED Morel
Surprisingly(?) balanced account of the conflict over Leopold's Congo
and the rubber exploitation from BouncingBalls, a rubber industry site
-
The
Congo Atrocities: The Casement Report
extracts from the 1904 report of the British
Consul, Roger Casement, on the Administration of the Congo Free State.
Casement, executed later in World War 1 for treason as an Irish
nationalist was instrumental in bringing the cruelty of the Congo to
world notice.
-
History of the Congo
Created by literature
majors at the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, this is the
history background to their hypertext annotation of Joseph Conrad's
Heart of Darkness
-
The
reform movement in the United States
By Jim Zwick. Highlights the role of William
Morrison, Mark Twain & Booker T. Washington's (but not the crucial role
of William H Sheppard). From Boondocks, but spoilt by so many pop-ups..
-
The Kodak
vs. the King
By
Jim Zwick. Boondocks - good illustrated item on the influence of
photographic evidence in the Congo reform movement. Likewise
Cartoonists vs. the King: Cartoons on the Congo
Denmark
Emigration
Emigration
from Europe For extensive links to the history of
emigration from Europe during this period go to the
casahistoria subsite. Also
includes specific sites on immigration to:
The Dutch
(Netherlands)
-
 Dutch
& Portuguese imperial history
A huge site focussed on
Dutch and Portuguese trading companies, worldwide. Scroll down the
excellent links on the home page for quite specific information about
individual trading posts and settlements. An excellent link page gives
links to related sites in the Dutch and Portuguese empires
-
VOC (Dutch East India
Company) Massive
resource site of (multi lingual) articles on the VOC and The East Indies
-
Dutch East India Company
, the VOC,
is covered in this compact (mostly Dutch) site by Stefan Deconinck.
§
-
Growth
of the Dutch Empire
in
the East Indies. Outline history from
Network
Indonesia history site. Includes sections on:
Useful review of a relatively unknown incursion by the Dutch based
on Wil O Dijk’s study of the
colonial power that dominated Burma, or at least foreign trade with
Burma, from the decline of Portugal’s maritime power in the mid 17th
century to the rise of the British Empire in Asia in the 18th and 19th
centuries.
Dutch Imperialism: 1830 to 1910 Part of a
history of Indonesia by
Sejarah Indonesia
The Royal Dutch
Geographical Society and the Dutch East Indies, 1873-1914:
from colonial lobby to colonial
hobby. Paul van der Velde published in Geography and Imperialism
1820-1940 An interesting article on the pressure groups behind
expansion.
The Black Dutchmen:
The Story of African Soldiers in The Netherlands East Indies
Between 1831 and 1872 some 3,000
African recruits sailed from Elmina to Batavia. this is the story of why
they came and what happened to them. By Ineke van Kessel
1830-1910.
Imperialism and Modernisation in the Dutch
East Indies. Very detailed timeline format of the key stages. From
Sejarah Indonesia
Photos
and images of the Dutch East Indies
interesting collection showing life in the colonies
France
-
 The French in West Africa:
Early Contact to Independence Stephen Wooten
Department of Anthropology University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign
-
French colonisation- Algeria (1830-1962)
Basic outline from
Arab.net
-
Voyages en Afrique
Useful site in French but even if you have no French to access the well
set out and linked 900 documents it is still very useful for its
collection of images and maps illustrating French African exploration
and colonial history.
Indochina
go to the casahistoria
site
Germany
Herero
-
The
Herero Rebellion (1904)
Documents concerning the brutal retaliation of the
German commander in the field, General von Trotha, to the Herero tribal
rising in modern Namibia. This produced what has been described as the
first genocide of the twentieth century.........
-
Remembering the Herero Rebellion", useful, illustrated article
from
Deutsche Welle on the 100th anniversary of the Herero Rebellion
-
Imperialism and Genocide in Namibia left wing view taking the
argument that the Herero massacre was indicative of later German racial policies. By Tom Sanders, Socialist Action.
-
Namibia 1904,
Detailed essay from the Peace Pledge Union.
-
The Herero Holocaust?
The Disputed History Of The 1904 Genocide Written from Winhoek, this argues against a recent German paper by Klaus Lorenz at the University of Hamburg which denies a massacre.... By Jeremy Silvester,
Werner Hillebrecht & Casper Erichsen.
-
Atrocities
committed on the Herero people during the suppression of
their uprising in German South West Africa 1904-1907? An analysis of the
latest accusations against Germany and an investigation on the
credibility and justification of the demands for «reparation». Speech by
Dr. Claus Nordbruch
Portugal & Spain
(early American Empires)
Catholic
Missions in Latin America
For extensive links to the early history
of European imperialism in Latin America go to this casahistoria site.
casahistoria
home
now visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
Click Decolonisation
for casahistoria End of Empire links
See also the individual countries in the
sections
2 and
3. In
addition the following general sites are of interest:
European Imperialism
15th - early 19th centuries Set out in the form of a
detailed timeline with links to articles. By
Central Oregon Community College
Colonial Africa Lecture which gives a brief, but valuable overview
of origins & impact. By Professor Gerhard
Rempel, Western New
England College.
Europe Meets to Divide Africa
In 1884-85 European Powers met at Berlin to decide
how they would divide up Africa between themselves. About.com
introductory article
French Colonialism
This speech by Jules Ferry, who was prime minister of France twice
during the 1880s, conveys the attitude of Europeans to colonisation in
Africa.
Colonialism of Africa Lecture notes: bare minimum details or a
quick background... Produced by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University. (Slow to load!)
§
African History Online - Colonial Period
Large number of relevant links to African imperialism south of the Sahara.
Very thorough and excellent descriptions to help you to find what you want.
Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa During
the colonial period, Africans told each other terrifying rumours that
Africans who worked for white colonists captured unwary residents and took
their blood........ By Luise White (Univ of California,
2000)
Congo Expedition May 1909 -
November 1915 American Museum of Natural History
exhibit on the US expedition. Very well produced. Lavish visual. oral and
documentary examples as well as maps, and images. Gives a good flavour of
the Congo habitat at the time
Colonising Egypt Timothy Mitchell examines the
peculiarity of Western conceptions of order and truth through a re-reading
of Europe's colonial encounter with nineteenth-century Egypt. (University
of California ,1991)
The Story of the Suez Canal, from All the Year Round,
January 8, 1876 -
Islamic
History Sourcebook
Images of Colonial Africa (Kenya) This collection of
photographs taken by Laura Collins, a missionary in Kenya shows the colony
during the early 1900s. Wheaton College.
Slavery
Slavery
For
extensive links to the European involvement in the Slave Trade from Africa
go to the young casahistoria
Slavery site.
-
Colonisation of Liberia
Colonisation with a difference: The American
Colonization Society was founded in 1817 with the aim of returning
African-Americans to Africa. In 1822 it established a colony in West
Africa, which became Liberia in 1847. By 1867 more than 13,000
African-Americans had moved there. A Library of Congress Resource Guide
for the Study of Black History & Culture.
casahistoria
home
now visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
5. Gunboat Diplomacy
Click Decolonisation
for casahistoria End of Empire links
Brief
description, but a good example of gunboat diplomacy in the Caribbean - yes
it is the same Panther of Agadir fame... From ironcladpirate site.
The
Agadir Crisis.
Detailed description from
British Naval Policy in the Mediterranean, 1900-1914 by
Geoffrey Miller.
Gunboat diplomacy: the confrontation over pre-Canal Panama between Colombia
and the USA 1903
Includes outline of battle, maps and ship silhouettes. From
ironcladpirate site.
“A
Matter of Extreme Urgency" Theodore Roosevelt, Wilhelm II, and the
Venezuela Crisis of 1902. article outlining the crisis by Edmund
Morris. 2002 and
Gunboat
diplomacy: the confrontation involving Venezuela vs. the Germans and British
1902 Includes outline of battle, maps and ship silhouettes. From
ironcladpirate site.
British
bombardment of Zanzibar 1896 Brief description,
|
Archive of
the German Colonial Society. Includes Images, maps and an A-Z of
German colonialism - but in German, naturally...
Africa
& Europe (1800-1914)
part of the BBC
Story of Africa site this attempts to look at the nineteenth century
in Africa from an African as well as European perspective. Sections
include:
